Trust
Withdrawal-Power / Crummey Trust
基本的な説明
A Crummey trust gives beneficiaries temporary, real withdrawal rights intended to make contributions present-interest gifts for annual-exclusion purposes; the rights, notices, funding, and trustee conduct must be genuine.
- Named for a court case, not a statute
- The name comes from a judicial doctrine, not a separate statutory trust form.
- Withdrawal rights must be real
- Withdrawal holders must receive actual legal rights, not merely paper notices.
- Lapses and hanging powers raise issues
- Lapses, hanging powers, beneficiary age, and number of power holders create tax and family issues.
Who does what in a trust
- Grantor / settlor Creates the trust and contributes property under the governing terms.
- Trust Holds legal title and defines powers, standards, beneficiaries, and duration.
- Trustee Administers, invests, accounts, and distributes under the document and governing law.
- Beneficiaries Receive permitted benefits now or later under the distribution terms.
さらに深く学ぶ
関係者・時期・財産
Seek annual-exclusion treatment for gifts to an otherwise restricted trust.
- 作成者
- A donor making recurring or one-time contributions.
- 受託者を務める人
- A trustee who can receive funds, issue notices, honor rights, and retain evidence.
- 受益者になれる人
- Withdrawal-right holders and longer-term trust beneficiaries.
- 効力が生じる時期
- At trust funding, with each contribution administered under its withdrawal window.
- 一般的に対象となる財産
- Cash; Premium gifts; Other property only with liquidity and valuation planning
税務・移転・支配
Present-interest treatment depends on legally enforceable withdrawal rights and facts; gift and GST reporting may still be required.
- 贈与税に関する考慮事項
- Classify any lifetime contribution or transfer under current gift-tax law. Whether it is a completed gift, requires valuation or Form 709 reporting, qualifies for an exclusion, or affects GST allocation depends on the transfer, retained powers, beneficiary rights, timing, and governing terms.
- 所得税上の取り扱い
- often grantor trust but not required
- 相続税の軽減可能性
- supports completed-gift planning
- GST プランニング
- possible with careful allocation
- 資産保護の特徴
- possible after withdrawal window closes, state-dependent
- 支配・管理に関する考慮事項
- Donor must accept that a beneficiary could exercise the right; side agreements not to withdraw can undermine the position.
プランニングの適合性と管理運営
Trust enforcement and notice evidence are state-law matters overlaid by federal tax doctrine.
- 典型的な利用者
- ILIT grantors; Families making recurring trust gifts
- 活用が適している場合
- Annual-exclusion treatment has value and the donor and trustee will honor and document genuine withdrawal rights.
- 活用が適していない場合
- The donor cannot tolerate withdrawal or the administrative burden exceeds the tax benefit.
- 州法上の考慮事項
- Trust enforcement and notice evidence are state-law matters overlaid by federal tax doctrine.
- 夫婦に多く活用されます
- often useful
- 事業オーナーの活用
- sometimes
- 高純資産層における活用
- often relevant but not wealth-exclusive
- 慈善目的の活用
- no
- 相対的な複雑さ
- high
- 一般的な費用水準
- high
想定されるメリットと制限事項
想定されるメリット
- Potential annual-exclusion gifts
- Long-term trust retention after window
- Common ILIT funding mechanism
制限事項とトレードオフ
- Notice burden
- Real withdrawal risk
- Technical lapse rules
- Family communication issues
よくある失敗
Notice before funds arrive
No proof of delivery
Premium paid before window
Trustee could not honor withdrawal
How it can play out
The trustee receives a premium contribution into the trust account, promptly sends trackable withdrawal notices, leaves cash available for the full window, records nonexercise, and only then pays the policy premium.
例示を目的としたものです。事実関係・書類内容・日付・州法が異なれば、分析結果も変わります。
に関する質問 Withdrawal-Power / Crummey Trust
What determines how this trust works?
The signed governing terms, valid funding, retained powers, trustee authority, beneficiary rights, administration, tax classification, timing, and applicable state and federal law—not the trust name by itself.
Does this kind of trust automatically reduce tax or protect assets?
No automatic result follows from the label. Income, gift, estate, and GST tax classifications are separate questions, and creditor treatment depends on the settlor's and beneficiaries' rights, governing law, timing, and administration.
What should be verified before creating or funding the trust?
Verify the objective, governing instrument, fiduciaries, beneficiary standards, title and transfer restrictions, valuation, tax reporting, liquidity, governing state, expected administration, costs, and advice from appropriately qualified professionals.
Sources
- IRS Form 709 and instructionsInternal Revenue Service · United States—federal
- Internal Revenue Code, estate and gift tax subtitleU.S. House Office of the Law Revision Counsel · United States—federal
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, estate and gift taxesU.S. Government Publishing Office · United States—federal
情報源は見直し日時点における一般的な教育的内容を裏付けるものです。公式資料は変更される場合があり、情報源へのリンクは個別事情に基づく専門家の分析に代わるものではありません。 法律・税務・投資・会計に関するアドバイスではありません。